Management and Organizations in Global Environment Organization Scien

Question: Discuss about theManagement and Organizations in Global Environment for Organization Science. Answer: Structure and Strategy BCGs Yves Morieux view on Organization Design According to Fan, et al. (2013. P.1234) organizational structure involves how activities such as supervising, coordinating, directing, and work allocation are performed to assist the organization to arrive at its objectives. On the other hand, strategies refer to the sum of plans the firm is intending to undertake so as to achieve its goals. Morieux says that the organizational structure follows its strategies which are true in most cases. For the firm to achieve its set plans, which in this case we refer them as strategies, the organizational structure will be directed towards the guidelines and procedures explained in the policies. The structure will have to follow plans as discussed in the following activities. How Contingency Factors of Organizational Design are at work in the case of Zappos Contingent factors affecting an organizational design are; size, age, technology used, strategies and the environment of the enterprise (Csaszar, 2013, p.1096). Zippo Company has approximately 17 years of trading. This shows that the company is probably in its last stages of business. The management has had time to incorporate the organization and knows its strengths and weaknesses. The decision of Zippo to adopt holacracy is suitable since the method works effectively with old firms. For new businesses, it may cause ambiguities since the employees may not have adequate knowledge and skills to formulate decisions. Secondly is the size of the organization. Choosing an organizational design will require the management to assess how big the business is to avoid using an ineffective method which may lead to loss of control and power. Zappos is a medium sized company with about 1500 employees. For holacracy and team-based to be undertaken, a large firm will be desirable for the senior management to deal with the groups rather than dealing with an individual employee. This will save time and the groups will provide more information to the management than it initially knows. Finally, Zappos has a serene operating environment which provides it with near raw materials for shoe, handbag and cloth production. There is also a ready market at Las Vegas. Moreover, the company operates with the latest technology. Shamsuzzoha et al. (2013, p.130) said that the firm has been the cutting edge of innovation, and it was one of the early adopters of social media technology for advertising to market its products. The two features will assist the CEO to monitor the performance of the firm and right areas where the groups may forget to handle. The serene environment will make the teams work comfortably producing the best for Zippo. Ways which Innovative Culture is related to (Agile) Organizational Structure Creative culture refers to the art, custom, and habits. They characterize an organization, community or the entire nation but sustains and encourages innovation for risk and uncertainty reduction Innovative culture is related to an active organizational structure for it introduces the three Rs explained by (Wei, O'Neill, Lee, Zhou, 2013. P.1040). It improves the firm by recruiting whereby the management hires new, skilled and qualified employees to better performance. (Wei, O'Neill, Lee, and Zhou, 2013, p.1040) further, explain that retraining of current employees is essential to make them conversant with the current innovations such as new machines and computer programs. The last R is rewards or recognition where employees efforts are paid through job promotions, salary and wage increments. Week 4 Blog Structure refers to activities that make an organization to run while strategies are plans implemented for the structure to work. The two create a relationship where the first depends on the latter. Organizations can be governed by various means with Zappos introducing a unique style- holacracy. It is different from bureaucracy, but paper close to the team-based method. Factors of organizational design determine the governance style to use like Zappos which has favorable age, size, and serene environment for holacracy to work. For an active organizational structure, innovative culture is necessary for improving employees habits, custom, and art of working. Activities such as rewarding, re-training, and recruiting qualified is essential to make a firm to handle current global dynamics in the business industry. Week 6 Activity 1: Linear Programming Word Problem Insights into Rational Decision-Making Approach that can be drawn from this video First, a person should choose letters to represent the units of the brands. In our case, x and y are selected to represent the units of X and Y respectively. A master equation to solve the problem, which in this case is minimizing cost, is derived. (C=0.8x+0.5y). The values of x and y should be equal or greater than zero. Since the primary components of food here are fats and protein, two equations are derived which when plotted on a graph paper shall show the required side on the paper where cost can be minimized. To obtain the minimum cost, one has to consider the vertices constructed by plotting of the graph and substituting the vertices using the minimum cost function. In our case, the minimum cost which is 2.52 is achieved through coordinates (2.4, 1.2) Limitations of Linear Programming Xu Wang (2014. P.312) listed assumptions of linear programming as follows; Constants parameters- the method assumes that parameters are constant which may not be the case in reality. Complexity-since the method uses mathematical techniques, it is subject to trial and error due to rounding off of figures which may not give optimal solutions. Tackles a single objective- the method handles one problem at a time. For instance, in the example, it forms an equation to minimize cost. There could be more objectives not covered in the model. Values of coefficient parameters- It assumes that these values which may not be accurate and thus hard for a researcher to get the exact numerical values. Kinds of Situation that Linear Programming could be useful to Decision Making Can be used by producers when allocating resources to determine sufficient amounts of individual components to use for maximum profit (Rueda-Medina et al. (2013, p.137.) For example, manufacture of fat and oil for cooking. Linear programming may also be used in assessing micro and macroeconomic problems such as identifying the optimum point for demand and supply as well as investment, income, savings and consumption. The method is also applicable in the telecommunication industry for identifying the network design, call routing, and internet traffic. Week 6 Blog For rational decision making in economics, telecommunication and production sector, solutions can be achieved through the use of linear programming technique where an equation is derived with the parameters mostly denoted by letters x and y. Upon plotting a graph using the given values to make X and Y axes, a section containing positive, realistic values is obtained. The vertices coordinates are substituted in the main equation, and either the highest or the lowest answers are selected depending on the problem. The method assists in solving problems but it has been criticized in that it is complex, solves a single problem at a time, and the parameters are assumed to be constant. The assumption of linear variables and extracting real values of coefficient parameters cause further limitations of the approach. References Csaszar, F.A., 2013. An efficient frontier in organization design: Organizational structure as a determinant of exploration and exploitation. Organization Science, 24(4), pp.1083-1101. Fan, J.P., Wong, T.J. and Zhang, T., 2013. Institutions and organizational structure: The case of state-owned corporate pyramids. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 29(6), pp.1217-1252. Gouveia, L.B., 2016. Holacracy as an alternative to organizations governance. Hawkins, N.M., Wright, D.J. and Capewell, S., 2013. Heart failure services in the United Kingdom: rethinking the machine bureaucracy. International journal of cardiology, 162(3), pp.143-148. Rueda-Medina, A.C., Franco, J.F., Rider, M.J., Padilha-Feltrin, A. and Romero, R., 2013. A mixed-integer linear programming approach for optimal type, size and allocation of distributed generation in radial distribution systems. Electric power systems research, 97, pp.133-143. Shamsuzzoha, A., Kankaanpaa, T., Carneiro, L.M., Almeida, R., Chiodi, A. and Fornasiero, R., 2013. Dynamic and collaborative business networks in the fashion industry. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 26(1-2), pp.125-139. Wei, Y.S., O'Neill, H., Lee, R.P. and Zhou, N., 2013. The impact of innovative culture on individual employees: The moderating role of market information sharing. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(5), pp.1027-1041. Xu, P. and Wang, L., 2014. An exact algorithm for the bi-level mixed integer linear programming problem under three simplifying assumptions. Computers operations research, 41, pp.309-318.